Most adherence interventions have only been modestly effective although more intensive interventions tend to result in larger improvements in adherence. This comes at added expense. Targeting interventions only on individuals most likely to benefit may allow more resources to be devoted to fewer individuals without increasing overall costs. Targeted Adherence Intervention to Reach Glycemic Control With Insulin Therapy for Patients With Diabetes (TARGIT-Diabetes) was a large randomized controlled trial (n=6,000) conducted in partnership with Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Jersey that evaluated whether delivering more intensive insulin-adherence interventions only to individuals with type 2 diabetes predicted to benefit most was more effective than delivering a lower-intensity intervention to a larger group of unselected individuals. Compared with an untargeted low-intensity intervention, delivering a highly targeted high-intensity intervention did not improve insulin persistence but did improve glycemic control.

​